disorder,country,year,prevalence_percent,sample_size,age_mean,gender_predominant,study_type,risk_factor_primary,risk_factor_secondary,protective_factor_primary,protective_factor_secondary,covid19_impact,source_doi_or_ref
Depression,Mexico,2018,22.1,1850,21.3,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,financial_stress,social_support,physical_exercise,pre_covid,Benjet et al. 2019 Salud Mental
Depression,Mexico,2019,23.0,2100,21.5,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,sleep_disorders,social_support,physical_exercise,pre_covid,UNAM Encuesta Salud Universitaria 2019
Depression,Mexico,2020,27.4,1560,21.2,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,COVID_isolation,social_support,family_support,during_covid,Medina-Mora et al. 2020
Depression,Mexico,2021,29.8,1340,21.4,female,cross_sectional,COVID_isolation,economic_uncertainty,social_support,resilience,during_covid,UNAM-IMSS Report 2021
Depression,Mexico,2022,26.5,1950,21.6,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,economic_stress,social_support,physical_exercise,post_covid,Robles-Garcia et al. 2022
Depression,Mexico,2023,23.5,1250,21.8,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,social_isolation,social_support,mindfulness,post_covid,UNAM Annual Survey 2023
Anxiety,Mexico,2018,28.3,1850,21.3,female,cross_sectional,academic_overload,perfectionism,coping_skills,peer_support,pre_covid,Benjet et al. 2019
Anxiety,Mexico,2019,29.1,2100,21.5,female,cross_sectional,exam_pressure,perfectionism,coping_skills,peer_support,pre_covid,UNAM 2019
Anxiety,Mexico,2020,35.7,1560,21.2,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_uncertainty,academic_pressure,family_support,resilience,during_covid,Medina-Mora et al. 2020
Anxiety,Mexico,2021,37.2,1340,21.4,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_economic,online_learning_stress,family_support,exercise,during_covid,IMSS Report 2021
Anxiety,Mexico,2022,32.4,1950,21.6,female,cross_sectional,post_pandemic_readjustment,academic_pressure,coping_skills,mindfulness,post_covid,2022 Survey
Anxiety,Mexico,2023,30.6,1250,21.8,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,social_anxiety,coping_skills,peer_support,post_covid,UNAM 2023
Academic_Stress,Mexico,2019,58.3,2100,21.5,mixed,cross_sectional,high_workload,exam_pressure,time_management,institutional_support,pre_covid,UNAM 2019
Academic_Stress,Mexico,2021,64.1,1340,21.4,mixed,cross_sectional,online_learning,home_environment,time_management,peer_support,during_covid,UNAM 2021
Academic_Stress,Mexico,2023,55.2,1250,21.8,mixed,cross_sectional,exam_pressure,workload,time_management,faculty_support,post_covid,UNAM 2023
Depression,Brazil,2018,25.1,3200,22.1,female,cross_sectional,financial_stress,academic_pressure,social_support,physical_activity,pre_covid,Lantyer et al. 2019
Depression,Brazil,2019,26.3,2800,22.3,female,cross_sectional,financial_stress,isolation,social_support,resilience,pre_covid,USP Mental Health Study 2019
Depression,Brazil,2020,31.8,2400,22.0,female,cross_sectional,covid_uncertainty,academic_disruption,family_bonds,peer_support,during_covid,Brazilian COVID Mental Health 2020
Depression,Brazil,2021,34.2,2100,22.1,female,cross_sectional,covid_economic_impact,loneliness,family_bonds,online_communities,during_covid,FIOCRUZ Report 2021
Depression,Brazil,2022,30.1,2600,22.3,female,cross_sectional,post_pandemic_stress,financial_concerns,social_support,physical_activity,post_covid,USP 2022
Depression,Brazil,2023,27.8,3100,22.4,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,economic_pressure,social_support,exercise,post_covid,Brazilian University Survey 2023
Anxiety,Brazil,2018,31.4,3200,22.1,female,cross_sectional,academic_demands,perfectionism,resilience,peer_support,pre_covid,Lantyer et al. 2019
Anxiety,Brazil,2020,38.9,2400,22.0,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_fear,academic_uncertainty,family_support,coping_strategies,during_covid,FIOCRUZ 2020
Anxiety,Brazil,2022,33.7,2600,22.3,female,cross_sectional,post_covid_readjustment,financial_stress,peer_support,mindfulness,post_covid,USP 2022
Anxiety,Brazil,2023,31.2,3100,22.4,female,cross_sectional,financial_stress,academic_pressure,resilience,social_support,post_covid,Brazilian Survey 2023
Burnout,Brazil,2019,19.8,1800,23.0,mixed,cross_sectional,workload,lack_of_autonomy,institutional_support,work_life_balance,pre_covid,Carlotto & Palazzo 2019
Burnout,Brazil,2021,24.3,1500,23.1,mixed,cross_sectional,remote_work_overlap,isolation,peer_connections,flexible_scheduling,during_covid,FIOCRUZ 2021
Burnout,Brazil,2023,21.5,2000,23.2,mixed,cross_sectional,high_workload,time_pressure,peer_support,exercise,post_covid,USP 2023
Depression,Colombia,2018,20.3,1200,21.8,female,cross_sectional,economic_stress,armed_conflict_exposure,social_support,family_cohesion,pre_covid,Arrieta et al. 2019
Depression,Colombia,2019,21.5,1100,22.0,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,family_conflict,social_support,spirituality,pre_covid,UniAndes Study 2019
Depression,Colombia,2020,26.7,870,21.9,female,cross_sectional,covid_lockdown,academic_disruption,family_support,virtual_communities,during_covid,Pinzón-Rondón et al. 2020
Depression,Colombia,2021,28.1,950,22.1,female,cross_sectional,economic_crisis,social_isolation,peer_support,exercise,during_covid,Colombia COVID Mental Health 2021
Depression,Colombia,2022,24.4,1080,22.2,female,cross_sectional,post_covid_adjustment,academic_stress,social_support,family_support,post_covid,UniAndes 2022
Depression,Colombia,2023,22.8,1200,22.4,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,social_inequality,social_support,cultural_resilience,post_covid,Colombia University Survey 2023
Anxiety,Colombia,2018,26.4,1200,21.8,female,cross_sectional,academic_demands,socioeconomic_insecurity,coping_skills,peer_support,pre_covid,Arrieta et al. 2019
Anxiety,Colombia,2020,33.2,870,21.9,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_uncertainty,financial_pressure,family_support,spirituality,during_covid,Pinzón-Rondón et al. 2020
Anxiety,Colombia,2022,29.1,1080,22.2,female,cross_sectional,post_pandemic_adaptation,exam_pressure,coping_skills,mindfulness,post_covid,Colombia 2022
Anxiety,Colombia,2023,27.4,1200,22.4,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,urban_insecurity,peer_support,resilience,post_covid,UniAndes 2023
Academic_Stress,Colombia,2022,45.8,870,22.0,mixed,cross_sectional,workload,evaluation_pressure,coping_strategies,institutional_support,post_covid,UniAndes Survey 2022
Depression,Argentina,2018,18.4,1500,22.2,female,cross_sectional,economic_crisis,academic_pressure,social_support,cultural_activities,pre_covid,UBA Mental Health 2018
Depression,Argentina,2019,19.2,1400,22.4,female,cross_sectional,macroeconomic_stress,academic_pressure,peer_support,therapy_access,pre_covid,UBA 2019
Depression,Argentina,2020,23.5,1200,22.1,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_lockdown,economic_crisis,family_bonds,digital_social_networks,during_covid,Argentine COVID Study 2020
Depression,Argentina,2021,25.8,1100,22.2,female,cross_sectional,economic_uncertainty,social_isolation,peer_support,therapy_access,during_covid,Argentina 2021
Depression,Argentina,2022,22.1,1300,22.5,female,cross_sectional,ongoing_economic_crisis,academic_stress,social_support,family_cohesion,post_covid,UBA 2022
Depression,Argentina,2023,19.7,1100,22.6,female,cross_sectional,economic_instability,academic_pressure,family_support,therapy_access,post_covid,UBA Annual Survey 2023
Anxiety,Argentina,2018,24.7,1500,22.2,female,cross_sectional,economic_anxiety,academic_demands,peer_support,exercise,pre_covid,UBA 2018
Anxiety,Argentina,2020,30.4,1200,22.1,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_worry,economic_fear,family_support,online_communities,during_covid,Argentine COVID Study 2020
Anxiety,Argentina,2022,27.2,1300,22.5,female,cross_sectional,economic_instability,academic_performance,coping_skills,therapy,post_covid,UBA 2022
Anxiety,Argentina,2023,25.3,1100,22.6,female,cross_sectional,economic_stress,social_anxiety,peer_support,mindfulness,post_covid,UBA 2023
Depression,Chile,2018,21.3,1300,21.9,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,perfectionism,social_support,physical_exercise,pre_covid,PUCCH Study 2018
Depression,Chile,2019,22.0,1200,22.1,female,cross_sectional,academic_stress,socioeconomic_pressure,peer_support,institutional_support,pre_covid,PUCCH 2019
Depression,Chile,2020,27.1,1050,21.8,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_confinement,academic_disruption,family_bonds,virtual_connections,during_covid,Chile COVID Mental Health 2020
Depression,Chile,2021,29.3,980,21.9,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_economic_impact,social_isolation,peer_support,coping_strategies,during_covid,PUCCH 2021
Depression,Chile,2022,25.6,1150,22.2,female,cross_sectional,post_pandemic_stress,academic_demands,family_support,exercise,post_covid,Chile 2022
Depression,Chile,2023,23.4,1300,22.4,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,socioeconomic_stress,social_support,mindfulness,post_covid,PUCCH Annual 2023
Anxiety,Chile,2018,26.7,1300,21.9,female,cross_sectional,achievement_pressure,perfectionism,resilience,peer_support,pre_covid,PUCCH 2018
Anxiety,Chile,2020,34.1,1050,21.8,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_uncertainty,online_learning,family_support,coping_skills,during_covid,Chile 2020
Anxiety,Chile,2022,29.8,1150,22.2,female,cross_sectional,post_pandemic,exam_pressure,peer_support,exercise,post_covid,Chile 2022
Anxiety,Chile,2023,28.4,1300,22.4,female,cross_sectional,academic_performance,perfectionism,resilience,mindfulness,post_covid,PUCCH 2023
Depression,Peru,2018,18.9,1000,21.7,female,cross_sectional,socioeconomic_stress,academic_burden,family_support,spirituality,pre_covid,UNMSM Study 2018
Depression,Peru,2019,19.8,950,21.9,female,cross_sectional,economic_pressure,academic_demands,family_support,peer_support,pre_covid,UNMSM 2019
Depression,Peru,2020,25.4,820,21.6,female,cross_sectional,covid_fear,economic_uncertainty,family_bonds,virtual_support,during_covid,Peru COVID Study 2020
Depression,Peru,2021,27.6,780,21.7,female,cross_sectional,prolonged_lockdown,economic_hardship,peer_support,coping_strategies,during_covid,Peru 2021
Depression,Peru,2022,23.1,900,22.0,female,cross_sectional,ongoing_economic_stress,academic_pressure,family_support,exercise,post_covid,UNMSM 2022
Depression,Peru,2023,21.3,1050,22.2,female,cross_sectional,covid_effects,academic_stress,family_support,exercise,post_covid,UNMSM Annual 2023
Anxiety,Peru,2018,23.4,1000,21.7,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,economic_insecurity,coping_skills,family_support,pre_covid,UNMSM 2018
Anxiety,Peru,2020,30.8,820,21.6,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_anxiety,economic_fear,family_support,spirituality,during_covid,Peru 2020
Anxiety,Peru,2022,26.7,900,22.0,female,cross_sectional,economic_pressure,academic_demands,peer_support,relaxation_techniques,post_covid,Peru 2022
Anxiety,Peru,2023,24.9,1050,22.2,female,cross_sectional,academic_performance,socioeconomic_stress,coping_skills,family_support,post_covid,UNMSM 2023
Depression,Venezuela,2018,24.5,600,22.0,female,cross_sectional,economic_crisis,food_insecurity,peer_support,spirituality,pre_covid,UCV Study 2018
Depression,Venezuela,2019,26.8,550,22.2,female,cross_sectional,hyperinflation_stress,political_instability,family_bonds,faith_communities,pre_covid,UCV 2019
Depression,Venezuela,2020,31.5,450,22.0,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_plus_crisis,supply_shortages,family_support,community_networks,during_covid,Venezuela 2020
Depression,Venezuela,2021,34.2,420,22.1,female,cross_sectional,combined_crises,social_breakdown,peer_support,resilience,during_covid,UCV 2021
Depression,Venezuela,2022,30.1,480,22.3,female,cross_sectional,ongoing_crisis,economic_hardship,family_bonds,community_support,post_covid,Venezuela 2022
Depression,Venezuela,2023,29.1,500,22.4,female,cross_sectional,economic_crisis,social_isolation,peer_support,spirituality,post_covid,UCV 2023
Anxiety,Venezuela,2018,30.2,600,22.0,female,cross_sectional,economic_uncertainty,political_anxiety,spirituality,peer_support,pre_covid,UCV 2018
Anxiety,Venezuela,2020,38.4,450,22.0,female,cross_sectional,compounded_stress,pandemic_uncertainty,family_support,community_bonds,during_covid,Venezuela 2020
Anxiety,Venezuela,2023,33.7,500,22.4,female,cross_sectional,chronic_crisis,economic_anxiety,community_support,coping_skills,post_covid,UCV 2023
Depression,Ecuador,2018,18.2,780,21.5,female,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,economic_stress,social_support,exercise,pre_covid,PUCE Study 2018
Depression,Ecuador,2020,23.6,650,21.3,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_lockdown,economic_uncertainty,family_bonds,digital_connections,during_covid,Ecuador 2020
Depression,Ecuador,2022,20.7,720,21.7,female,cross_sectional,post_covid_adaptation,academic_stress,peer_support,physical_activity,post_covid,PUCE 2022
Anxiety,Ecuador,2018,23.8,780,21.5,female,cross_sectional,academic_demands,socioeconomic_pressure,peer_support,mindfulness,pre_covid,PUCE 2018
Anxiety,Ecuador,2020,31.4,650,21.3,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_fear,isolation,family_support,virtual_communities,during_covid,Ecuador 2020
Academic_Stress,Ecuador,2022,42.1,720,21.7,mixed,cross_sectional,exam_pressure,workload,time_management,faculty_support,post_covid,PUCE Annual 2022
Depression,Bolivia,2019,17.8,480,21.4,female,cross_sectional,economic_hardship,social_inequality,family_support,community_ties,pre_covid,UMSS Study 2019
Depression,Bolivia,2021,22.5,420,21.2,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_combined_economic,social_isolation,family_bonds,community_support,during_covid,Bolivia 2021
Depression,Bolivia,2023,19.1,500,21.6,female,cross_sectional,economic_stress,social_inequality,family_support,cultural_resilience,post_covid,UMSS 2023
Anxiety,Bolivia,2019,22.4,480,21.4,female,cross_sectional,economic_anxiety,academic_pressure,family_support,spirituality,pre_covid,UMSS 2019
Anxiety,Bolivia,2021,28.7,420,21.2,female,cross_sectional,pandemic_economic,uncertainty,community_bonds,family_support,during_covid,Bolivia 2021
Anxiety,Bolivia,2023,22.6,500,21.6,female,cross_sectional,economic_instability,academic_demands,peer_support,coping_skills,post_covid,UMSS 2023
Burnout,Mexico,2019,21.3,1800,22.1,mixed,cross_sectional,academic_overload,perfectionism,institutional_support,peer_connection,pre_covid,Reyes-Jarquín & Hernández-Pozo 2019
Burnout,Mexico,2021,26.8,1400,22.0,mixed,cross_sectional,remote_learning_fatigue,isolation,virtual_support,flexible_scheduling,during_covid,Mexico 2021
Burnout,Mexico,2023,22.1,1600,22.3,mixed,cross_sectional,high_workload,performance_pressure,peer_support,time_management,post_covid,Mexico 2023
Burnout,Colombia,2019,18.7,1100,22.0,mixed,cross_sectional,workload,low_autonomy,institutional_support,social_connection,pre_covid,Colombia 2019
Burnout,Colombia,2021,23.4,950,21.9,mixed,cross_sectional,online_overload,isolation,peer_bonds,flexible_deadlines,during_covid,Colombia 2021
Burnout,Colombia,2023,19.8,1100,22.2,mixed,cross_sectional,academic_demands,time_pressure,institutional_support,peer_support,post_covid,UniAndes 2023
Burnout,Argentina,2019,16.9,1300,22.5,mixed,cross_sectional,high_workload,perfectionism,peer_support,hobby_activities,pre_covid,UBA 2019
Burnout,Argentina,2021,21.5,1100,22.3,mixed,cross_sectional,online_fatigue,economic_stress,virtual_peer_groups,flexible_evaluation,during_covid,UBA 2021
Burnout,Argentina,2023,18.3,1200,22.7,mixed,cross_sectional,academic_pressure,economic_pressure,institutional_support,exercise,post_covid,UBA 2023
PTSD_or_trauma,Colombia,2020,8.4,900,22.0,mixed,cross_sectional,pandemic_traumatic_events,armed_conflict_background,social_support,therapy,during_covid,Colombia Trauma Study 2020
PTSD_or_trauma,Venezuela,2021,11.2,450,22.2,mixed,cross_sectional,combined_crises_exposure,political_violence,community_support,resilience_training,during_covid,UCV 2021
Eating_disorders,Mexico,2019,9.6,1200,20.8,female,cross_sectional,body_image_pressure,perfectionism,body_acceptance_programs,peer_acceptance,pre_covid,Mexico ED Survey 2019
Eating_disorders,Brazil,2019,7.8,1500,21.0,female,cross_sectional,media_influence,perfectionism,body_positivity,peer_support,pre_covid,USP 2019
Eating_disorders,Argentina,2019,8.9,1100,20.9,female,cross_sectional,sociocultural_pressure,diet_culture,body_acceptance,therapeutic_support,pre_covid,UBA 2019
Eating_disorders,Chile,2021,10.2,900,21.1,female,cross_sectional,lockdown_eating_changes,body_image_anxiety,family_support,professional_help,during_covid,Chile ED Study 2021
Substance_use,Mexico,2019,12.4,2000,21.9,male,cross_sectional,stress_coping,peer_pressure,family_monitoring,health_education,pre_covid,Mexico SU Survey 2019
Substance_use,Brazil,2019,11.8,2200,22.1,male,cross_sectional,academic_stress,peer_norms,family_bonds,sports,pre_covid,USP 2019
Substance_use,Colombia,2019,10.3,1300,22.0,male,cross_sectional,economic_instability,social_norms,family_monitoring,community_programs,pre_covid,Colombia 2019
Substance_use,Argentina,2019,9.7,1400,22.2,male,cross_sectional,stress_relief,social_bonding,family_monitoring,sports_activities,pre_covid,UBA 2019