Effects of the April 8, 2024 total solar eclipse upon reception of North American signals in the medium-wave broadcast band, using software defined radio files recorded in Fort Smith, AR, USA

In the AM broadcast band (535-1705kHz), there are roughly two modes of broadcast station signal coverage, one of which occurs in the daytime, and the other at night. During the day time, signals are propagated by ground wave and not usually heard well beyond 150km from the transmitter. However, at night, an absorptive region in the ionosphere, the D-layer, disappears, allowing signals to refract off higher regions of the ionosphere, and to be heard hundreds and even thousands, of kilometers away from the transmitter. 

The radio stations in this band use amplitude modulation, which requires a strong stable carrier wave, well suited for observing changes in signal characteristics over a time period. During the total solar eclipse of 8 April 2024, signals were observed changing from daytime to nighttime mode, and then back again as the moon's shadow moved across North America. 

In addition, as the eclipse ended in the North Atlantic Ocean, and sunset had already occurred across Europe, a brief darkness path was created between North America and Europe.  This meant that trans-Atlantic medium wave signals were briefly observed in both Eastern North America and in Europe and North Africa.

Included in these files is an installation file for the SDR control and playback software, SDR Console (“SDR-Radio V3.3, 64-bit, 2024-02-05_0741.exe”), to allow a first examination of the .wav files; this is courtesy of Simon Brown, G4ELI, its developer.  The latest version is available at https://www.sdr-radio.com/Console .  Instructions for playing back SDR .wav files in SDR Console for the first-time user are found in “OpeningSDRfilesInConsole.pdf” on this site.

There are also reference files to assist in identifying signals heard:

"AMBC Raw List April_2024.xlsx", courtesy of Tim Tromp KE8JFM (https://amdxer.com/ambc/ )

“RDMW-2022-v1.2.2.zip”, courtesy of William Scott, WE7W ( https://radio-timetraveller.blogspot.com/ )

"2023-24_IRCA_Mexican_Log.pdf”, courtesy of International Radio Club of America (https://www.ircaonline.org/ )

"IRCA Slogans - March 22, 2024.pdf" for identifying slogans used by radio stations,  courtesy of International Radio Club of America (https://www.ircaonline.org/ )

“VE7DXR HamSCI 2025 Presentation.pdf”, from the 2025 HamSCI Workshop, suggests techniques for identifying solar eclipse enhanced signals.

"Exact frequencies of medium wave broadcasters.pdf" is a snapshot of a database of fine scale measurement of the frequencies of MW stations worldwide that were current as of April 9, 2024, the day after the total solar eclipse.  They are courtesy of Günter Lorenz, DL3GLF, and MWList.org  

"Offsets on Medium Wave – some Notes and Examples.pdf" provides further background about measurement of exact frequencies of received signals and is courtesy of Nils Schiffhauer, DK8OK 

 Finally, a copy of Carrier Sleuth software (“CarrierSleuthWindowsMay2024.zip”) is included, courtesy of its developer, Chris Smolinski, W3HFU, along with further instructions for use (“CarrierSleuthOverview.pdf” ).   This can be used to view .fft files compressed in “N5TNL-CarrierSleuth-Apr07-09.zip" which will provide waterfall visualizations of all carriers for each AM broadcast band channel during the entire recording period.    Carrier Sleuth may also be used to create new .fft files from the data.  The latest version is available at https://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/medium_wave_carrier_display_app.html .

(If this data is used for research, cited in an article, paper, poster or presentation, the participants would expect and appreciate the courtesy of receiving credit for their work.  Questions regarding attribution should be directed to HamSCI, at hamsci@hamsci.org .)